Sunday 14 September 2014

Discuss various kinds of perils under the cargo insurance.


Cargo carried on the main deck of the vessel, or other spaces above the main deck; cargo carried on deck is subject to damage by wind, sea water, and being washed overboard.
Open Policy A cargo policy with no expiration date that provides automatic coverage of cargo shipments to or from an Assured in a specified trade at agreed rates, terms, and conditions. The marine and war policies are usually two separate open policies.
Partial Loss: Any loss to cargo or a vessel that is less than a total loss. If the partial loss is directly caused by a peril insured against, it is a particular average loss.
Particular Average (PA) A partial loss of the property insured (vessel or cargo, including total loss of part of a cargo shipment) caused by a peril insured against, and which is not a General Average loss.
Pilferage
The theft of part or all of the contents from a shipping package where the package itself is delivered at destination.
Recovery Amount received from a third party responsible for a loss on which a claim has been paid.
Risk
A fortuitous peril or hazard; i.e. something that may happen, not something that is inevitable.
Sacrifice
The deliberate destruction or jettisoning of property to prevent greater loss.
Settling Agent
An insurance company's representative in a foreign country who is authorized to settle claims and make payment on behalf of the insurance company.
Special Drawing Rights (SDR)
An international monetary unit used to measure and compare the changing market values of currencies of member countries of the International Monetary Fund. It is equal to the market value of currencies of the 5 member countries: United States, France, Germany, Japan and England. SR&CC Warranty (Strikes, Riots & Civil Commotions)
A clause in marine insurance policies that excludes liability for losses caused by the acts of strikers, locked-out workers, or persons taking part in labor disturbances or riots or civil commotions or for losses which are directly caused by persons acting maliciously. This coverage may be restored to the policy by means of the SR&CC Endorsement, for an additional premium. Total Loss Only (TLO)
An insurance policy covering ONLY the total loss of an entire vessel, an entire cargo shipment, or other property from an insured peril. A partial loss, even from an insured peril, is NOT covered by the Total
Loss Only policy. Valuation Clause
The clause in the Marine Policy that contains a consistent basis of valuation agreed upon by the Assured and the insurance company and which establishes the insured value of the cargo or vessel when the insurance attaches.
Warehouse To Warehouse Clause
A clause in a cargo policy defining when coverage attaches and terminates.
Coverage attaches when the cargo leaves the warehouse at the place named in the policy, and
continues during the ordinary course of transit after discharge at the final port.
Coverage ends when one of the following first occurs:
When the cargo is delivered at the final warehouse at the destination named in the policy , or 15 days after discharge if the final destination is within the port, or 30 days after discharge if the final destination
is outside the port.
Warranty
An undertaking in which the Assured promises to comply with certain conditions. Non-compliance constitutes a breach of warranty and the insurance company is discharged from liability from the date of the breach.
Expressed Warranty - An agreement written in the policy that the Assured must strictly and literally comply with. A violation thereof voids the insurance; e.g. trading warranties.
Implied Warranty - Fundamental conditions implied in a contract of marine insurance:
1. Seaworthiness of the vessel;
2. Legality of the adventure.
War Risks
Those risks related to two (or more) belligerents engaging in hostilities, whether or not there has been a formal declaration of war. Such risks are excluded by the F.C. & S. (Free of Capture and Seizure) Warranty, but may be covered by a separate War Risk Policy, at an additional premium.
Wear & Tear
The ordinary wearing away of the various parts of a vessel, machinery, and equipment through use.
Such damage is not accidental in nature, but is inevitable.

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