Explain the concept of ‘Grading’ & its types with suitable examples. Solution: Concept of Grading:

Grading is a powerful tool faculty use to communicate with their students, colleagues, and institutions, as well as external entities.   The authors, through their personal experiences in the classroom and from listening to faculty from myriad institutions at workshops around the country, have found that teachers have “spent nearly every day of *their+ teaching lives wrestling with the problems, the power, and the paradoxes of the grading system” (xv).  “Effective Grading . . . presents suggestions for making classroom grading more fair, more time-efficient, and more conducive to learning” (xvi).

Letter Grades

With the letter grade system, students can receive A, B, C, D or F grades. Letter grades are usually calculated with a nine or 10-point range assigned to each letter. A is the highest grade, associated with 90 percent accuracy or higher and  F grade is given for a performance with 59 percent accuracy or less.
4.0 Grading Scale

The 4.0 grading scale is another common type of grading, often used in conjunction with letter grades. This scale typically is used in high schools and colleges, as a means to calculate a Grade Point Average (GPA)

 Mastery Grading

A new trend in grading systems is mastery, Rick Wormeli writes in his book, "Fair Isn't Always Equal." Many school systems, in kindergarten through 12th grade, are moving away from the sometimes-subjective traditional grading systems toward the more concrete mastery grade systems.

For example:  Schools ad collages. They use Letter grade system. They give grades according to what student has got marks.