Yes the Post –
Industrial society is differing from the Industrial society because of the
following reason:
Limited production (i.e. artisanship vs. mass production)
Primarily an agricultural economy
Limited division of labor. In pre-industrial societies,
production was relatively simple and the number of specialized crafts was
limited.
Limited variation
of social classes
Parochialism—Social theories hold that communications
were limited between human communities in pre-industrial societies. Few had the
opportunity to see or hear beyond their own village. In contrast, industrial
societies grew with the help of faster means of communication, having more
information at hand about the world, allowing knowledge transfer and cultural
diffusion between them.
Pre-industrial societies developed largely in rural
communities. Capitalism developed largely in urban areas.
1. Within the economy, there is a transition from goods
production to the provision of services. Production of such goods as clothing
and steel declines and services such as selling hamburgers and offering advice
on investments increase. Although services predominate in a wide range of
sectors, health, education, research, and government services are the most
decisive for a post-industrial society.
2. The importance of blue-collar, manual work (e.g.,
assembly line workers) declines and professional (e.g. lawyers, doctors, and
engineers) and technical work (e.g. computer programmers) come to predominate.
Of special importance is the rise of scientists (e.g., specialized engineers,
such as genetic or electric). Many mining towns and similar settlements face
large scale unemployment as a result of the increasing importance of both
theoretical knowledge with a simultaneous decline in manufacturing and
increasing importance of environmentalism. Many industrial towns residents are
on benefits, such as the dole.
3. Instead of practical know-how, theoretical knowledge
is increasingly essential in a post-industrial society. Such knowledge is seen
as the basic source of innovation (e.g., the knowledge created by those
scientists involved in the Human Genome Project is leading to new ways of
treating many diseases). Advances in knowledge also lead to the need for other
innovations such as ways of dealing with ethical questions raised by advances
in cloning technology. All of this involved an emphasis on theoretical rather
than empirical knowledge and on the codification of knowledge. The exponential
growth of theoretical and codified knowledge, in all its varieties, is central
to emergence of the post-industrial society.
4. Post-industrial society seeks to assess the impacts of
the new technologies and, where necessary, to exercise control over them. The
hope is, for example, to better monitor things like nuclear power plants and to
improve them so that accidents like that at Three-Mile Island or Chernobyl can
be prevented in the future. The goal is a surer and more secure technological
world. The doctrine of the precautionary principle is sometimes used in
preventing the worst aspects of new technologies, such as cloning and genetic
engineering, when there is no evidence of their negative impact.
5. To handle such assessment and control, and more
generally the sheer complexity of post-industrial society, new intellectual
technologies are developed and implemented. They include cybernetics, Game
theory and Information theory.
6. A new relationship is forged in the post-industrial
society between scientists and the new technologies they create, as well as
systematic technological growth, lies at the base of post-industrial society.
This leads to the need for more universities and university-based student. In
fact, the university is crucial to post-industrial society. The university
produced the experts who can create, guide, and control the new and
dramatically changing technologies
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